Concrete Structure by Using Carbon Nanotube and Its Use to Monitor Its Structural Health

Abstract

Cementitious materials doped with carbon nanoparticles are robust materials that can convert stress into changes in electrical resistance. These properties encourage the development of spatially distributed sensors for structural health monitoring of concrete structures. However, very few applications of cement-based nanocomposite transducers to structural elements have been documented. Most applications are limited to measuring static reactions. CNTs could effectively arrest crack propagation, increase joint rigidity, and reduce deformation of concrete corbels between steel ribs. Higher aspect ratio CNTs could make a better contribution with their micro crack bridging effect. Microscopic analysis confirmed the adequate distribution and bridging of micro cracks by CNTs and delayed the propagation of macro cracks within the transition zones between aggregate and reinforced concrete

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The structural health monitoring of concrete is being important in now a days. So taking of structure with proper maintenance and safety is being the first priority. In these project we made an concrete sample with carban nantube which further used to check the structural health monitoring of an concrete structure.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are novel Nano carrier systems that have a wide range of applications in science, engineering, and, the environment. Owing to the possible functionalization of CNTs (i.e., surface-engineering of the nanotubes) with certain chemical groups their physical or biological properties can be manipulated for various applications. In addition to the ability of CNTs to act as carriers for a wide range of therapeutic molecules, their large surface area and possibility to manipulate their surfaces and physical dimensions have been exploited to use them in thermal conductivity.

There are mainly two types of carbon nanotubes:

1. Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes
2. Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes

A. Carbon Nanotubes Applications

1. Chemical Applications: It is helpful in gas sensors as it is sensitive to gases such as  H2, NO2, O2, or NH3, dielectrics. It is also beneficial in field-emission displays and photovoltaic. It also acts as unique catalyst support in chemical processes.
2. Fibers and Fabrics: Displaying immense strength helps make bulletproof vests and armors, transmission line cables, stain-resistant fabrics, etc.
3. Composite of Structures: It displays excellent mechanical properties such as toughness, strength, and stiffness. It is used in various compositions of various structures such as wind turbines, marine paints, composite polymers, and many more.
4. Energy: It helps make another energy powerhouse, field-effect transistors, solar cells, reusable batteries, electrical wires, and cables.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Hawreen J. A. Bogas (2018)–“Influence of carbon nanotubes on steel–concrete bond strength” In this study, the bond strength between steel and concrete reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is analyzed. The results showed that CNTs can improve both compressive strength and steel– concrete bond up to 21% and 14% respectively, as compared to plain concrete. For CNTs-reinforced concrete, five types of industrial multi-walled CNTs were selected from that two CNTs are used that is CNTSL and CNTSS.
2. Waqas Latif Baloch, Rao Arsalan Khushnood et.al (2018)–“Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the residual performance of concrete exposed to high temperatures” Residual mechanical properties of lightweight concrete (LWC) and normal strength concrete (NSC) containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) after exposure to high temperatures are presented. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength (f’c,T), tensile strength (f’t,T), stress-strain response, compressive toughness (Tc) and mass loss of the analyzed formulations were studied and have been elaborately discussed.
3. Filippo Ubertinia, Annibale Luigi Materazzia, et.al (2014) Natural frequencies identi?cation of a reinforced concrete beam using carbon nanotube cement-based sensors,, In this paper, the use of composite cementitious sensors with carbon-nanotubes has been proposed for vibration monitoring of RC structures. In this paper, the use of composite cementitious sensors with carbon-nanotubes has been proposed for vibration monitoring of\ RC structures.
4. Hawreen, J. A. Bogas et.al, (2019) – Mechanical Characterization of Concrete Reinforced with Different Types of Carbon Nanotubes Most stable dispersions were found in the 5–10 Ph range. Lower aspect ratio CNT had lower structural damage after sonication and higher dispersion capacity in alkaline environments (high PH) than longer CNT. Difference in CNT’s properties, amount and dispersion procedur leads to variable concrete performances
5. Myungjun Junga Young-soon Leeb Sung- Gul Honga Juhyuk Moon (2019) – Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC): Dispersion, mechanical properties, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) In this paper, Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) was investigated with regard to the dispersion, mechanical properties, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE). Dispersed CNT solution (0–2.0 wt %) was prepared by sonication and subsequent shear mixing with super plasticizer to achieve the high flow ability for UHPC slurry. Dispersed CNTs can improve the mechanical properties of (UHPC) Dispersed CNTs can remarkably improve the electrical conductivity of UHPC up to the percolation threshold
6. A. Hawreen. J. A. Bogas “Creep, shrinkage and mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with different types of carbon nanotubes” (2019) The incorporation of 7 different CNTs lead to similar long term shrinkage behavior only CNTOH and CNTSL where ineffective in shrinkage reduction. The lowest decrease of total shrinkage was found in water cement concrete and for higher amount of CNTs.

III. MATERIAL USED

A. Cement

A cement is a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together.

Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together. Cement mixed with fine aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces concrete. Concrete is the most widely used material in existence and is behind only water as the planet's most-consumed resource.

F. Testing on Concrete with MWCNT and Normal Concrete

1. For the testing of concrete with MWCNT the concrete specimen placed on the mechanical vibrator.
2. Then the arrangement made which include placing of alarming vibration sensor on top of the specimen.
3. Then the sensor is connected to the digital oscilloscope with the help of wires.
4. Then the power supply to connected to sensor and as well as to the DSO.
5. After that the vibrator is started and then with the help of DSO and sensor we get the results in terms of HZ.

Conclusion

Past research paper we referred the use of composite cementitious sensors with carbon-nanotubes has been proposed for vibration monitoring of concrete structure they have not taken it on the reinforced concrete structure. So we took the test on reinforced concrete specimen with embedded carbon nanotube. Post construction while performing vibration analysis on concrete and we have found significant frequency difference analyzed under table vibration which concludes MWCNTs is more sustainable and stable to the vibration variable. Hence further test about different variable has to be performed. Hence in future for the result accuracy data acquisition system should use with proper arrangement for the close observation and to know any other test are also required in future for improvement of the project.

References

[1] Filippo Ubertini,Annibale Luigi Materazzi et.all., “Natural frequencies identification of a reinforced concrete beam using carbon nanotube cement-based sensors” Engineering Structures 60 (2014) 265–275.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.12.036 [2] A. Hawreen,J. A. Bogas “Influence of carbon nanotubes on steel–concrete bond strength”. Materials and Structures (2018) 51:155 https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1279- 8 [3] Waqas Latif Baloch,Rao Arsalan Khushnood et.al “Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the residual performance of concrete exposed to high temperatures” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.051 [4] Myungjun Junga Young-soon Leeb Sung-Gul Honga Juhyuk Moon Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC): Dispersion, mechanical properties, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE)” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106017 Received 22 August 2019; Received in revised form 4 February 2020; Accepted 25 February 2020 [5] A. Hawreen,J. A. Bogas et.all, “Mechanical Characterization of Concrete Reinforced with Different Types of Carbon Nanotubes” Received: 15 February 2019 / Accepted: 5 August 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04096-y [6] A. Hawreen, J. A. Bogas “Creep, shrinkage and mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with different types of carbon nanotubes” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.253 0950-0618/ 2018 Published by Elsevier L.

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Mukta Joshi, Prajakta Bavache , Manisha Jamdar , Shivani Bhanase , Sandeep Bhonge , Sandeep Chougule . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.